Law & Ethics for Health Professions 8th Edition By Karen Judson – Test Bank

Chapter 11 The Beginning of Life and Childhood

1) The children in a family all have blue eyes. The biological parents also have blue eyes. The science that explains these similarities is called
A) genetics.
B) genetic engineering.
C) stem cells.
D) genomes.
E) genetic discrimination.

Answer: A
Explanation: Genetics is the science that accounts for natural differences and resemblances among organisms related by descent. Genetic engineering has allowed scientists to manipulate DNA within the cells of plants, animals, and other organisms to ensure that certain advantageous traits will appear and be passed on, or that certain harmful trails are eliminated. Stem cells are early embryonic cells that have the potential to become any type of body cell. A genome is all the DNA in an organism, including its genes. Genetic discrimination is differential treatment based on actual or presumed genetic differences.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Genetics and Heredity
Bloom’s: Understand
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None

2) The process by which traits are passed on to offspring is known as
A) genetics.
B) genetic engineering.
C) stem cells.
D) heredity.
E) genetic discrimination.

Answer: D
Explanation: Heredity is the process by which organisms pass genetic traits on to their offspring and is part of the wider scope of the term genetics. Genetics is the science that accounts for natural differences and resemblances among organisms related by descent. Genetic engineering has allowed scientists to manipulate DNA within the cells of plants, animals, and other organisms to ensure that certain advantageous traits will appear and be passed on, or that certain harmful traits are eliminated. Stem cells are early embryonic cells that have the potential to become any type of body cell. Genetic discrimination is a differential treatment based on actual or presumed genetic differences.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Genetics and Heredity
Bloom’s: Understand
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None

3) The combination of proteins called nucleotides that are arranged to make up each human is known as which of the following?
A) Stem cells
B) DNA
C) Gene
D) Chromosomes
E) Heredity

Answer: B
Explanation: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the combination of proteins called nucleotides that are arranged to make up each human chromosome. Blastocysts are composed of stem cells that can become any type of body cell. Each gene is a tiny segment of DNA that holds the formula for making a specific molecule.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Genetics and Heredity
Bloom’s: Remember
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None

4) How many chromosomes are normally found inside the nucleus of every human cell except egg and sperm cells?
A) 23
B) 43
C) 46
D) 52
E) 60

Answer: C
Explanation: Forty-six chromosomes (23 pairs) are found inside the nucleus of every human cell, except egg and sperm cells, which have 23 chromosomes each.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Genetics and Heredity
Bloom’s: Remember
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None

5) Which of the following do chromosomes normally carry that are responsible for all human characteristics from eye, skin, and hair color to height, body type, and intelligence?
A) Sperm
B) Stem cells
C) Eggs
D) Genes
E) Nucleus

Answer: D
Explanation: Forty-six chromosomes carry the genes responsible for all our human characteristics from eye, skin, and hair color to height, body type, and intelligence. Each gene is a tiny segment of DNA that holds the formula for making a specific molecule.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Genetics and Heredity
Bloom’s: Remember
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None

6) How are the chromosomes that make up the human genome inherited from parents?
A) One-third from the mother and two-third from the father.
B) Half from the mother and half from the father.
C) Three-fourth from the mother and one-fourth from the father.
D) Three-fourth from the father and one-fourth from the mother.
E) One-third from the father and two-third from the mother.

Answer: B
Explanation: Forty-six chromosomes (23 pairs) are found inside the nucleus of every human cell, except egg and sperm cells, which have 23 chromosomes each. We inherit half of our chromosome complement from our mother and half from our father.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Genetics and Heredity
Bloom’s: Remember
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None

7) The Human Genome Project, funded by the U.S. government, was started in 1990. What was the purpose of this project?
A) To pinpoint certain inherited diseases, such as sickle cell anemia.
B) To determine which genes are inherited from which parent.
C) To further the development of creating human clones.
D) To locate and map the location of all 46 genes.
E) To develop genetic engineering.

Answer: D
Explanation: The Human Genome Project was a scientific project funded by the U.S. government, begun in 1990 and successfully completed in 2000, for the purpose of mapping all of a human’s genes.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Genetics and Heredity
Bloom’s: Remember
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None

8) A gene that predisposes a woman to breast cancer has been discovered by scientists. Women who are tested to see if this gene is present are using what type of genetic testing?
A) Carrier
B) Forensic
C) Diagnostic
D) Tracing lineage
E) Predictive

Answer: E
Explanation: Predictive testing is used to see if genes are present that could lead to hereditary diseases or other harmful genetic conditions. Carrier testing is used to determine if individuals carry harmful genes that could be passed on to offspring. Forensic testing is used in law enforcement to eliminate or designate suspects in a crime, identify homicide victims, or to otherwise analyze DNA samples for law enforcement purposes. If symptoms have appeared, doctors can order diagnostic testing for patients to confirm or rule out certain genetic diseases. Tracing lineage is used to determine parentage or other relationships within families.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Genetic Testing
Bloom’s: Understand
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None
9) The medical examiner is attempting to eliminate a suspect in a crime. What type of DNA testing might the medical examiner do?
A) Carrier
B) Forensic
C) Prenatal testing
D) Tracing lineage
E) Predictive

Answer: B
Explanation: Forensic testing is used in law enforcement to eliminate or designate suspects in a crime, identify homicide victims, or to otherwise analyze DNA samples for law enforcement purposes. Predictive testing is used to see if genes are present that could lead to hereditary diseases or other harmful genetic conditions. Carrier testing is used to determine if individuals carry harmful genes that could be passed on to offspring. Tracing lineage is used to determine parentage or other relationships within families. Prenatal testing is done to see if harmful genes are present in the fetus.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Genetic Testing
Bloom’s: Understand
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None

10) Amniocentesis is what type of genetic testing?
A) Carrier
B) Forensic
C) Prenatal testing
D) Tracing lineage
E) Predictive

Answer: C
Explanation: Prenatal testing is done to see if harmful genes are present in the fetus. Forensic testing is used in law enforcement to eliminate or designate suspects in a crime, identify homicide victims, or to otherwise analyze DNA samples for law enforcement purposes. Predictive testing is used to see if genes are present that could lead to hereditary diseases or other harmful genetic conditions. Carrier testing is used to determine if individuals carry harmful genes that could be passed on to offspring. Tracing lineage is used to determine parentage or other relationships within families.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Genetic Testing
Bloom’s: Understand
ABHES: None
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
CAAHEP: None