An Introduction To Business Ethics 6th Edition By Joseph DesJardins – Test Bank

Chapter 11 Workplace Diversity and Discrimination

1) Select the statement that emphasizes the startling contrast between gains made by women in professional careers and women in business careers.
A) Women in general hold less than 5 percent of all senior-level positions in major corporations.
B) Between 1973 and 1993, the percentage of women lawyers and judges increased from 5.8 to 22.7 percent.
C) White men comprise 65 percent of managerial positions in industry, while women hold 25 percent of them.
D) Forty percent of native-born working women fill positions classified as “administrative support” and “service,” while only 16 percent of male workers fill such jobs.

Answer: B
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2) Choose the statements that correctly reflect the likely utilitarian view of preferential treatment in hiring.
A) Managerial discretion should be given great latitude in hiring decisions.
B) Hiring decisions should be based on the ability of the candidate to perform the job efficiently and skillfully.
C) Property rights should prevail in hiring decisions.
D) Consequences like the goodwill of long-term employees whose families are given preference in hiring must be considered.
E) A and B.
F) B and D.

Answer: F
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3) Choose the action that exemplifies affirmative action—that is, taking extra steps that move beyond passive nondiscrimination.
A) Advertising jobs in media that appeal to women or minorities
B) Taking steps to provide greater security for women than what is offered to men
C) Deliberately recruiting qualified women and minority candidates
D) Providing special support through the human resources office for women or people of color who are hired
E) All of the answers are correct.
F) None of the answers are correct.

Answer: E
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4) Select the preferential treatment policy that is likely to raise the least serious ethical challenge.
A) Giving preference to otherwise qualified but previously disadvantaged candidates
B) Identifying members of previously disadvantaged groups in the pool of qualified candidates and giving them preference in the hiring decision
C) Identifying members of previously disadvantaged groups in the pool of candidates who are less qualified than white males and giving them preference in the hiring decision
D) Hiring members of disadvantaged groups with only minimal consideration given to their qualifications

Answer: A
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5) Identify the arguments that have not been used to support or refute the ethical legitimacy of preferential hiring policies.
A) These policies violate the rights of white males.
B) These policies are obligatory means for compensating people for harms they have suffered.
C) Such policies should be rejected because they may create more discrimination as a backlash against gender or racial preferences.
D) Preferential hiring is a means of providing more role models for young women and people of color.
E) All of the answers are correct.
F) None of the answers are correct.

Answer: F
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6) Select the statement or situation that would likely not challenge the merit argument that the most qualified candidate for a position has earned or deserves it and the denial of this dessert is unjust.
A) Candidates for a job do not necessarily have a legitimate expectation that hiring decisions will always be based solely on qualifications.
B) The son or daughter of a high-level executive in a publicly traded company receives preferential hiring treatment.
C) The candidate from one’s own alma mater receives preferential hiring treatment.
D) The public advertising for a position expressly states its qualifications.

Answer: D
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7) Choose the statement that does not support the claim that justice requires preferential hiring and promotion to compensate people for the harms they have suffered.
A) Preferential treatment equalizes the situation of unfair discrimination after the fact and returns it to the point that it would have been had discrimination not occurred.
B) Young white males will lose their undeserved competitive advantage if society simply adopts equal opportunity policies.
C) Compensation is not being paid by young white males but by private business or society. These white males are only being denied the competitive advantage they previously enjoyed—something they did not deserve.
D) The only means to compensate for overall discrimination (e.g., in pay treatment) is to grant individual women preferential consideration in hiring and promotion.

Answer: B
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8) Identify the reason for not believing that it would be correct to shift from the reasonable “man” or reasonable “person” standard to the reasonable “women” standard for identifying conduct that unreasonably interferes with work.
A) The shift from reasonable man to reasonable “person” should alert us to the possibility that “person” is simply a disguised version of “man.”
B) This shift can reinforce the unacceptable sexual and paternalistic stereotype of women as more sensitive, fragile, and delicate than men and that, therefore, women need extra protection from the rough and tough workplace.
C) Unless, as one judge has ruled, the outlook of the reasonable women is adopted, defendants and courts are permitted to sustain ingrained notions of reasonable behavior as fashioned by male offenders.
D) The reasonable “person” standard can have the effect of simply maintaining the status quo in a workplace that remains very male-oriented.

Answer: B
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9) Which of the following is true of black men in the workforce?
A) In 2017, the unemployment rate of black men was twice that of white men.
B) Real wages of black men overall have risen steeply since 1975.
C) The unemployment rate of black men in 2011 was half that of white men.
D) In 1990, black men earned on average 40 cents for every dollar earned by white men.

Answer: A
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10) Which of the following is an argument in support of preferential hiring?
A) Preferential hiring is an ethically legitimate means for compensating people for the harms that they have suffered.
B) Preferential hiring policies are unlikely to create more discrimination as a backlash against gender or racial preferences.
C) Preferential hiring is unlikely to interfere with the right to equal treatment of white males as it is reparative in nature.
D) Preferential hiring is based on the concept that the most qualified candidate has earned or deserves the job.

Answer: A
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