CJ Realities And Challenges 3rd Edition By Ruth E. Masters – Test Bank

CH-11: Test Bank_ansrsource Key

1. The term ________ denotes society’s efforts to punish and treat individuals who break the law, and thereby to protect the public.

A. hulks

B. privatization

C. vertical integration

D. corrections

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Basic
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Knowledge

2. Jack and Jill are both convicted of driving under the influence. Jack is sentenced to nine months in jail, while Jill is sentenced to six months on probation. Jack’s sentence is an example of ________ corrections.

A. intermediate

B. community

C. retributional

D. institutional

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Moderate
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Application

3. Jack and Jill are both convicted of driving under the influence. Jack is sentenced to nine months in jail, while Jill is sentenced to six months on probation. Jill’s sentence is an example of ________ corrections.

A. institutional

B. retributional

C. community

D. intermediate

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Moderate
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Application

4. The term corrections can be traced back to the turn of the ________ century in America.

A. nineteenth

B. twenty-first

C. twentieth

D. eighteenth

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Moderate
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Knowledge

5. The main goal of the corrections system is to:

A. deter future offenders from committing crime.

B. restore what was damaged in the community during the commission of a crime.

C. provide victims and their families with justice.

D. transform offenders into law-abiding citizens.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Moderate
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Application

6. Historically, people believed that the only way to control crime was through severe punishments and:

A. social ostracism.

B. fear of being caught.

C. large fines.

D. fear of death.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Basic
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Comprehension

7. Eventually, correctional philosophy shifted from punishment to ________, characterized by changing individuals from offenders into law-abiding citizens.

A. rehabilitation

B. deterrence

C. retribution

D. incapacitation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Moderate
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Comprehension

8. How did citizens in sixteenth-and seventeeth-century England make sure that punishment of offenders, particularly hanging, would have the desired deterrent effect?

A. By having police officers go door-to-door notifying citizens of the hanging

B. By ensuring that both the king and the queen are present at the place of hanging

C. By making the hanging a public event in the town square

D. By publishing pictures of the hanging in the newspaper

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Basic
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Knowledge

9. Which of the following is true about the effectiveness of harsh punishments as deterrents to crime?

A. The threat of harsh punishment does not necessarily reduce crime.

B. The threat of harsh punishment only deters offenders from committing certain offenses, such as murder, robbery, or assault.

C. The threat of harsh punishments only deters crime among certain offenders, such as those who are employed and have a family.

D. The threat of harsh punishments almost always deters crime.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Level: Moderate
Topic: Defining Corrections
Type: Comprehension

10. The belief that harsh punishments reduce crime is based on the assumption that:

A. potential criminals do not act impulsively.

B. All these answers are correct.

C. potential criminals weigh the benefits and costs of committing a crime before they make a decision.

D. potential criminals are concerned about the future.