Human Physiology 15Th Edition By Fox – Test Bank

Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)

Chapter 11   Endocrine Glands

1) Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts.

2) Neurohormones refer to hormones secreted from the neurons that innervate endocrine glands.

3) Some glands throughout the body have both endocrine and exocrine functions.

4) A deficiency of cholesterol would impact the synthesis of hormones that can freely cross the plasma membrane.

5) Melatonin can pass through plasma membranes since it is derived from the nonpolar amino acid tryptophan.

6) Hormones that can pass through the plasma membrane are ________ and are called ________.

1. A) polar; hydrophobic
2. B) nonpolar; hydrophobic
3. C) polar; hydrophilic
4. D) nonpolar; hydrophilic

7) Polypeptide and glycoprotein hormones can be taken orally.

8) Choose the hormone that is NOT classified as a polypeptide or glycoprotein hormone.

1. A) Cortisol
2. B) Glucagon
3. C) Antidiuretic hormone
4. D) Parathyroid hormone

9) The molecules secreted by endocrine glands that are inactive until changed by their target cells are ________.

1. A) prohormones
2. B) lipophilic hormones
3. C) prehormones
4. D) tissue hormones

10) A cell is only able to respond to hormones if specific hormone receptors are present on the membrane or within the cell.

11) Hormones that enhance the responsiveness of a target organ to a second hormone have ________.

1. A) complementary effects
2. B) synergistic effects
3. C) antagonistic effects
4. D) permissive effects

12) When two or more hormones work together to produce a particular result, their effects are ________.

A) permissive

B) antagonistic

C) synergistic

D) inhibitory

13) A chronically high hormone concentration often leads to an increased number of receptors on the target cell.

14) Small amounts of a polypeptide or glycoprotein hormone may cause ________.

A) upregulation of receptors

B) increased numbers of receptors placed in the plasma membrane

C) the priming effect

D) All of the choices are correct.

15) Many polypeptide and glycoprotein hormones are secreted in discrete bursts called pulsatile secretions.

16) Testosterone receptors would be ________ in response to anabolic steroid abuse.

A) inhibited

B) primed

C) upregulated

D) downregulated

17) Water-soluble hormones differ from lipophilic hormones, in that ________.

A) water soluble hormones require transport proteins to reach their target cells

B) water soluble hormones never enter the cell

C) lipophilic hormones utilize second messengers to impact protein synthesis within the cell

D) water-soluble hormone secretion is always under hypothalamic control

18) Nuclear receptors that have been identified and their genes cloned, but their hormone ligands are unknown are called ________.

A) transcription factors

B) unknown ligands

C) orphan receptors

D) nongenomic receptors

19) Thyroid hormones bind to receptors that ________.

A) activate tyrosine kinase

B) regulate gene transcription

C) stimulate production of cyclic AMP

D) stimulate production of diacylglycerol