Immune System 4th Edition By Parham – Test Bank

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, FOURTH EDITION

CHAPTER 11: IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY AND VACCINATION

© Garland Science 2015

11–1    Give four reasons why secondary immune responses are faster and more effective than primary immune responses.

11–2    Explain (A) why only memory B cells, and not naive B cells, participate in secondary immune responses to particular pathogens, and (B) why this is advantageous to the host.

11–3    Explain briefly how immunological memory operates in (A) the short term and (B) the long term.

 11–4    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding memory B cells?

1. Memory B cells are maintained for life.
2. In secondary responses, the number of pathogen-specific B cells is about 10–100-fold that seen in primary responses.
3. The sensitivity of memory B cells is improved compared with naive B bells because affinity maturation has occurred.
4. Memory B cells express lower levels of MHC class II and B7 than do naive B cells.
5. Memory B cells differentiate into plasma cells more rapidly than do naive B cells.

11–5    Which of the following characterizes immunological memory? (Select all that apply.)

1. The host retains the capacity to mount a secondary immune response.
2. The host retains the ability to respond to pathogen many years after primary exposure.
3. Naive T cells are activated more quickly when exposed to pathogen.
4. Memory B cells produce higher-affinity antibody than naive B cells.
5. Memory T cells undergo somatic hypermutation.
6. Memory T cells express CD45RA.

11–6    What would be the outcome if a naive B cell were to bind to pathogen coated with specific antibody made by an effector B cell in a primary immune response using FcγRIIB1, and simultaneously bind to the same pathogen using its B-cell receptor?

1. a positive signal leading to the production of low-affinity IgM antibodies
2. a positive signal leading to isotype switching and the production of IgG, IgA, or IgE antibodies
3. a positive signal leading to somatic hypermutation and the production of high-affinity IgM antibodies
4. a negative signal leading to inhibition of the production of low-affinity IgM antibodies
5. a negative signal leading to apoptosis.

11–7    Which of the following explains why the first baby born to a RhD^– mother and a RhD⁺ father does not develop hemolytic disease of the newborn?

1. Fetal erythrocytes do not cross the placenta and therefore do not stimulate an antibody response.
2. The antibodies made by the RhD^– mother during the first pregnancy are predominantly IgM and have low affinity for the Rhesus antigen.
3. Maternal macrophages in the placenta bind to anti-Rhesus antibodies and prevent their transfer to the fetus.
4. Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a T-cell-mediated disease and maternal T cells do not cross the placenta during pregnancy.
5. The Rhesus antigen is not immunogenic and does not stimulate an antibody response.