Infancy Development From Birth To Age 3, 2nd Edition By Dana Gross – Test Bank

Test Bank for Chapter 11: Building Better Babies: Child Care and Early Intervention

11-1.       _____ are job-protected leaves that are open to mothers or fathers and are typically available as a supplement to maternity and paternity leaves.

1. Maternity leaves
2. Paternity leaves
3. Parental leaves
4. Caregiving leaves

Ans: A           Topic: Childcare                          Type: K

11-2.       All of the following statements about pregnancy, parenthood, and employment in the United States are correct except

1. before 1978, it was legal to fire women who were pregnant
2. the most uniform employment-related leave policy is the Family and Medical Leave Act
3. nearly 60 percent of all women with children younger than age three participate in the paid labor force
4. paid leave has recently been expanded to cover both mothers and fathers for a period of up to one year

Ans: D           Topic: Childcare                          Type: K

11-3.       Which group has experienced the greatest increase in labor force participation since the 1970s?

1. women without children
2. adolescent mothers
3. mothers of infants
4. fathers of infants

Ans: C           Topic: Childcare                          Type: K

11-4.       All of the following are considered reliable indicators of childcare quality except

1. the caregiver-to-child ratio
2. the education of the caregivers
3. stimulating and nurturing interactions between children and caregivers
4. cost

Ans: D           Topic: Childcare                          Type: K

11-5.       The greatest proportion of nonparental care for children younger than age two is provided by

1. fathers
2. grandparents
3. nonrelatives
4. neighbors

Ans: B           Topic: Childcare                          Type: K

11-6.       Children under the age of three who have disabilities

1. usually cannot be included in childcare centers and private preschools
2. are protected by the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part C
3. often enter childcare at an earlier age than children without disabilities
4. are not covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act because they are not enrolled in public school

Ans: B           Topic: Childcare                          Type: K

11-7.       The NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development has found all of the following except

1. childcare jeopardizes the infant-parent attachment relationship only when the care is not optimal and the mother is not sensitive in her interactions with her infant
2. infants in high-quality childcare tend to have fewer behavior problems at two and three years of age than infants in poor quality childcare
3. infants and toddlers in high-quality childcare tend to have more advanced language development than infants and toddlers in poor quality childcare
4. even when childcare is high quality, it has few positive effects on the cognitive development of low-income infants and toddlers

Ans: D           Topic: Childcare                          Type: C

11-8.       Studies of childcare quality have found all of the following except

1. the majority of infant and toddler childcare is of high quality
2. the majority of caregivers in childcare homes have low levels of formal education and experience in childcare
3. quality is influenced by process variables as well as structural variables
4. parents looking for high-quality childcare can use NAEYC accreditation as a guide during their search

Ans: A           Topic: Childcare                          Type: C

11-9.       According to widely used criteria for childcare quality, which of the following caregiver-to-child ratios would be best for infants under 12 months?

1. 1:4
2. 1:6
3. 1:8
4. 1:10

Ans: A           Topic: Childcare                          Type: C

11-10.     All of the following descriptions of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development are accurate except

1. the majority of infants in the sample entered nonparental childcare before the age of 4 months
2. mothers with the highest incomes returned to work later than other mothers in the sample
3. children older than age two years were more likely to be cared for in childcare centers than were children younger than two
4. researchers gathered information about children’s social, emotional, cognitive, and language development, as well as behavior problems and physical health and development

Ans: B           Topic: Childcare                          Type: C

11-11.     All of the following statements about parents’ choice of childcare arrangements for infants and toddlers are accurate except

1. mothers who work evening or nighttime shifts are more likely than mothers who work daytime hours to use care by family members
2. mothers with higher incomes are more likely than other mothers to be successful in achieving a match between their preferred and actual childcare arrangements
3. the cost of nonparental care for infants tends to be lower than the cost nonparental care for children over the age of two
4. low-income families tend to spend a higher percentage of their income on childcare expenses than higher income families spend

Ans: C           Topic: Childcare                          Type: C

11-12.     Miranda, a California mother of newborn twins, recently learned that her state is unique in a way that is of particular interest to her family as they adjust to caring for two tiny babies.  The information that Miranda was glad to learn about was most likely

1. a 1978 law that makes it illegal for her employer to discriminate against her or fire her for giving birth
2. her state legislature’s decision not to ratify the 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act
3. a 2004 law that allows all workers in the state to take a partially paid family leave for up to 6 weeks
4. news that the parental leave policy in her state is comparable to paid leave policies available to new parents in most Scandinavian countries

Ans: C           Topic: Childcare                          Type: A

11-13.     Heather, who has just become a mother for the first time, has a high paying job.  Based on the findings of studies of mothers and employment, she probably

1. will decide not to return to work
2. will return to work later than women who earn less than she does
3. will celebrate her 25^th birthday soon
4. worked during her pregnancy, very likely during the month before she gave birth

Ans: D           Topic: Childcare                          Type: A