Memory Foundations And Applications 2nd Edition By Bennett L. Schwartz – Test Bank

Chapter 11

1. Researchers can examine memory early in infancy by

*a) examining if an infant looks more at novel than familiar items.

1. b) asking the infant to engage in verbal recall.
2. c) observing whether or not the infant appears to be engaging in memory behavior.
3. d) training the infant to cry when an unfamiliar stimulus is presented.

2. Kisilevksy et al. (2003) showed that fetuses one to two weeks before birth recognized their mother’s voice. This was accomplished by

*a) measuring differences in the infant’s heart rate.

1. b) observing differences in motor behavior when the infant is in the presence of his or her mother or when the infant is in the presence of another woman.
2. c) training the infant in a conjugate reinforcement task.
3. d) retrospectively asking children about such experiences when they are much older.

3. Research on nonnutritive sucking shows that
4. a) nonnutritive sucking is not a good measure of memory in infants.

*b) infants will suck more in response to novel stimuli.

1. c) infants will suck more regardless of whether a stimulus is novel or familiar.
2. d) conjugate reinforcement cannot measure implicit memory responses.

4. The conjugate reinforcement technique is most useful to test memory in infants age
5. a) over 1 year.
6. b) under two weeks.
7. c) from eight months to 1 year.

*d) from two to six months.

5. In the conjugate reinforcement technique, memory is measured when
6. a) the infant pulls down the mobile.
7. b) the infant starts crying.
8. c) the infant kicks of a blanket keeping the infant warm.

*d) the infant kicks when the mobile is reattached to its foot.

6. In imitation, an infant must
7. a) kick in response to an absent mobile.
8. b) demonstrate conservation of mass.
9. c) recognize a familiar person.

*d) copy the physical actions of another.

7. Babies as young as 1 month habituated to a particular phoneme, that is, their sucking rate decreased after hearing the phoneme over and over. When a new phoneme was played,

*a) their rate of sucking increased.

1. b) their rate of sucking decreased then increased.
2. c) their rate of sucking remained constant.
3. d) their gaze was directed at the correct phoneme.

8. Most infants can recognize the sound and meaning of familiar words

*a) before their first birthday.

1. b) at birth.
2. c) within the first month of life.
3. d) not until they are two years of age.

9. According to the memory efficiency view, memory improves in young children because
10. a) the children are learning to apply knowledge of how memory works.

*b) the processes of memory themselves improve as a child grow.

1. c) episodic memory comes on-line in the fourth year of life.
2. d) theory of mind drives the improvements in memory.

10. According to the memory strategies view, memory improves in young children because

*a) the children are learning to apply knowledge of how memory works.

1. b) the processes of memory themselves improve as a child grow.
2. c) episodic memory comes on-line in the fourth year of life.
3. d) theory of mind drives the improvements in memory.