Chapter 11 The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea
1) It has been estimated that 99% of intestinal bacteria are
A) obligate aerobes.
B) facultative anaerobes.
C) obligate anaerobes.
D) facultative aerobes.
E) thermophiles.
Answer: C
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, interact with both human and non-human hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.; 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
2) The methanogens
A) are part of the domain Archaea AND appear only in aerobic environments.
B) oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane AND appear only in aerobic environments.
C) use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND appear only in aerobic environments.
D) use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.
E) are part of the domain Archaea AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.
Answer: E
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).; 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
3) Methanogens often grow in association with
A) nitrifying bacteria.
B) fermentative bacteria.
C) lithotrophic bacteria.
D) photosynthetic bacteria.
E) pathogenic bacteria.
Answer: B
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).; 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
4) Comparatively greater energy is released when
A) carbon dioxide is the final electron acceptor.
B) hydrogen is the final electron acceptor.
C) oxygen is the final electron acceptor.
D) nitrate is the final electron acceptor.
E) fermentation occurs.
Answer: C
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
5) Hydrogen sulfide
A) is produced when nitrate is used as terminal electron acceptor.
B) is produced by Desulfovibrio.
C) may react with iron to produce a deep red precipitate.
D) has a strong citrus smell.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).; 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
6) Endospores
A) are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria.
B) are a form of reproduction AND are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria.
C) are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are involved in anaerobic respiration.
D) are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria AND are involved in anaerobic respiration.
E) are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are found in any environmental bacteria.
Answer: A
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).; 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).; 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
7) Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus
A) produce catalase.
B) are obligate fermenters.
C) require anaerobic environments.
D) use oxygen as a final electron acceptor.
E) are always pathogenic.
Answer: B
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).; 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
8) Streptococcus pyogenes
A) is alpha-hemolytic.
B) is gamma-hemolytic.
C) is beta-hemolytic.
D) may form endospores.
E) is alpha-hemolytic AND may form endospores.
Answer: C
Section: 11.01
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 02.04 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).; 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
9) The lactobacilli, in their role as normal microbiota of the vagina, help the vagina resist infection by contributing to
A) the neutrality of the vaginal mucus.
B) food for the resident vaginal microbiota.
C) acidity of the vagina.
D) fertility of the host.
E) a high vaginal pH.
Answer: C
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.; 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, interact with both human and non-human hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.; 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
10) Which of the following colonize the vagina during childbearing years?
A) Clostridium
B) Streptococci
C) Enterobacter
D) Lactobacilli
E) Clostridium AND lactobacilli
Answer: D
Section: 11.01
Topic: Microbial World
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01 Compare and contrast the characteristics and habitats of methanogens, sulfur- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, Clostridium species, lactic acid bacteria, and Propionibacterium species.
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).; 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).; 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.; 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
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