Seidel’s Guide To Physical Examination 8th Edition By Jane W. Ball – Test bank

Chapter 11: Eyes
Test Bank—Nursing

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Contraction of which eye structure controls the amount of light that reaches the retina?
a. Retina
b. Iris
c. Sclera
d. Lens

ANS: B
The iris is able to dilate and contract, allowing light to reach the retina. The retina is deep within the eye and does not control the amount of entering light. The sclera is not able to dilate and contract. The lens is merely a transparent disc that acts as a focus for the retina.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 206
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

2. Contraction or relaxation of the ciliary body:
a. allows voluntary blinking.
b. changes lens thickness.
c. regulates peripheral vision.
d. sends light impulses to the brain.

ANS: B
The lens is circularly supported by a framework of fibers from the ciliary body; contraction or relaxation of this structure results in a change in the thickness of the lens, allowing for accommodation as needed.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 206
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

3. The sensory network of the eye is the:
a. cornea.
b. iris.
c. pupil.
d. retina.

ANS: D
The retina acts as the sensory network of the eye in that it sends electric impulses to the brain that are transformed from light. The cornea, iris, and pupil act together as an opening for light to pass through the lens.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 206
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

4. Retinal hemorrhages in an infant require investigation for:
a. retinoblastoma.
b. retrolental fibroplasia.
c. pituitary tumor.
d. child abuse.

ANS: D
Beyond newborn age, any hemorrhages to the retina indicate infection, allergy, or trauma and should be further investigated.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: p. 230
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

5. An increased level of lysozyme in the tears will occur normally during which life stage?
a. Adolescence
b. Childhood
c. Infancy
d. Pregnancy

ANS: D
Because of rising hormone levels, an increased amount of lysozyme is present in tears during pregnancy. Tears are not affected by increased lysozyme at any other stage in life.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 206
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

6. Tears flow over the cornea and drain via the lacrimal sac into the:
a. anterior fossa.
b. posterior pharynx.
c. nasal meatus.
d. thyroglossal duct.

ANS: C
Anatomically, the eye is closest to the nose, so tears drain from the lacrimal sac into the nasal lacrimal duct.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 205
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

7. Mrs. Alden is a 29-year-old pregnant patient in her third trimester. She tells you that her vision has been a little blurred, and she thinks she needs to get new contact lenses. You should advise her to:
a. get new lenses as soon as possible to avoid complications.
b. wait until several weeks after delivery to get new lenses.
c. go to the nearest emergency department for evaluation.
d. change her diet to include more yellow vegetables.

ANS: B
Because of the increased level of lysozyme in the tears during pregnancy, a blurred sensation may occur but will subside several weeks after pregnancy. The blurred vision is a normal occurrence during pregnancy. It is not an emergency, nor is it diet-dependent.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: p. 206
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

8. Which of the following is a relatively benign condition that may occur during pregnancy or labor?
a. Macular degeneration
b. Papilledema
c. Subconjunctival hemorrhage
d. Cupping of the optic disc

ANS: C
Because of falling intraocular pressure during late stages of pregnancy, subconjunctival hemorrhages may occur and resolve spontaneously. Macular degeneration and cupping of the optic disc occur in older adults. Papilledema is never a benign condition.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 211
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

9. When does the lens usually become more rigid while the ciliary muscle of the iris becomes weaker?
a. At 25 years of age
b. Around 35 years of age
c. Around 45 years of age
d. After 65 years of age

ANS: C
Starting at around 45 years of age, the lens starts to change and become more rigid, and the ciliary muscle begins to weaken.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: p. 206
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation

10. A condition that typically develops by the age of 45 years is:
a. presbyopia.
b. hyperopia.
c. myopia.
d. astigmatism.

ANS: A
By 45 years of age, a condition known as presbyopia develops; presbyopia involves a weakening of accommodation. Hyperopia occurs in early infancy. Myopia and astigmatism can occur at any time.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: p. 206
OBJ: Nursing process—assessment MSC: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation