CHAPTER 9
SELF AND PERSONALITY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- ____________ is defined as an organised combination of an individual’s unique attributes, motives, values, and behaviours.
| a. | Sociability | c. | Personality |
| b. | Generativity | d. | Integrity |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- ____________ is a relatively enduring dimension or quality of personality along which people differ.
| a. | Narrative identity. | c. | Self-esteem |
| b. | Dispositional trait | d. | Characteristic adaptation |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- Characteristic adaptations are ____________ ways of adapting to one’s environment.
| a. | situation-specific and changeable | ||
| b. | situation-specific and unchangeable | ||
| c. | unrelated to situation and changeable | ||
| d. | unrelated to situation and unchangeable | ||
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- Which concept is best associated with an individual’s unique ‘life story’?
| a. | Dispositional trait | c. | Narrative identity |
| b. | Characteristic adaptation | d. | Temperament |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- According to researchers McAdams and Pals, we all share the same:
| a. | human nature. | c. | characteristics adaptations. |
| b. | self-concept. | d. | narrative identities. |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- ________________ is best defined as positive and/or negative perceptions of your unique attributes.
| a. | Self-concept | c. | Self-recognition |
| b. | Self-esteem | d. | Ideal self |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- Which statement best exemplifies the concept of self-esteem?
| a. | ‘I am white, 52 years old, and live in Auckland’ |
| b. | ‘All in all, I am a worthy individual’ |
| c. | ‘Women find me highly physically attractive’ |
| d. | ‘I can recognise my own voice when I hear it on tape’ |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- Which is best described as the overall sense of who you are?
| a. | Identity | c. | Looking-glass self |
| b. | Self-efficacy | d. | Temperament |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- Who would be most likely to argue that the vast majority of personality is formed between birth and age six?
| a. | Fred, who is a psychoanalytic theorist | ||
| b. | Barney, who is a psychometric theorist | ||
| c. | Wilma, who is a social learning theorist | ||
| d. | Betty, who is a behavioural theorist | ||
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- The psychometric approach to personality has led researchers to believe that personality:
| a. | is best thought of in terms of a set of dispositional traits. |
| b. | develops through a series of stages. |
| c. | cannot be measured. |
| d. | is not affected by biological factors. |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- According to the psychometric approach, personality can be characterised as a set of distinct traits on which people _____________.
| a. | align. | c. | change. |
| b. | differ. | d. | stay the same. |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- McCrae and Costa developed the ____________ trait theory of personality.
| a. | Big Five | c. | Big Three |
| b. | changing | d. | steady |
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- The key characteristics of someone with the personality dimension of high agreeableness would be:
| a. | open to fantasy and interested in variety. |
| b. | hostile and anxious. |
| c. | trustworthy and compliant. |
| d. | a high achiever and a person with self-discipline. |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- Cleo has received a high score on the conscientiousness scale of a personality test. This indicates that she would most likely be:
| a. | curious and interested in a variety of experiences. |
| b. | extremely outgoing. |
| c. | emotional, unstable, and hostile. |
| d. | well-organised and highly self-disciplined. |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- The social learning perspective assumes that:
| a. | there are universal stages in the development of personality. |
| b. | personality is best described in terms of trait dimensions. |
| c. | personality traits have a strong genetic basis. |
| d. | personality development is highly influenced by environmental experience. |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- Vicki was reserved as a baby, shy as a child, and shy as an adult. Social learning theorists would say that Vicki:
| a. | was genetically predisposed to be shy. |
| b. | is a product of environments that consistently fostered the same personality trait. |
| c. | was unable to resolve psychosocial crises in positive ways. |
| d. | identified with her shy mother and drove her id to adopt this as a permanent personality characteristic. |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- With regard to personality development, what belief is shared by Albert Bandura and Erik Erikson?
| a. | There are universal, age-related changes in personality development |
| b. | Biological factors are critical in the development of personality |
| c. | Humans are best described in terms of five critical core personality traits |
| d. | Personality has the potential to change during adulthood |
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- When Josh is playing basketball, he is very aggressive. When he is playing at his house with his young daughter, he is very passive. These situations best exemplify the concept of:
| a. | same context, different personality. | c. | different context, same personality. |
| b. | different context, different personality. | d. | same context, same personality. |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult TOP: Basic concepts and theories of self and personality
- As opposed to ____________, which is biological, _____________ is socially constructed and refers to all the social and emotional attributes that a society associates with masculinity and femininity.
| a. | sex; identity | c. | gender; sex |
| b. | sex; gender | d. | personality; gender |
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: Sex, gender and sexuality
- Gender identity refers to:
| a. | a incongruence between the expressed and assigned genders. |
| b. | a set of behaviours assigned by society to different genders. |
| c. | a personal sense of one’s own gender. |
| d. | the influence of social feedback on the sense of self. |
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: Sex, gender and sexuality
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