Understanding Pharmacology 2nd Edition Workman – Test Bank
Chapter 11: Drugs That Affect the Immune System
Workman & LaCharity: Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials for Medication Safety, 2nd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
BASIC CONCEPTS
- What is the role of the T lymphocyte (T cell) in the development of long-lasting antibody-mediated immunity?
| a. | Enhancing the sensitized B lymphocyte’s production of antibodies on second and subsequent exposure to the same antigen |
| b. | Preventing general immune responses from becoming excessive and leading to autoimmunity |
| c. | Distinguishing sensitized B lymphocytes from unsensitized B lymphocytes |
| d. | Assisting unsensitized B lymphocyte to recognize new antigens |
ANS: D
The T lymphocyte has many roles in cell-mediated immunity. Its major role in antibody-mediated immunity is helping unsensitized B lymphocytes to recognize foreign invaders (antigens) and learn to make antibodies against them. T lymphocytes do not prevent autoimmunity and do not promote the memory function of increased antibody production on reexposure to the same antigen. T lymphocytes do not distinguish between sensitized and unsensitized B lymphocytes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 175
- With which disorder or organism is a killed vaccine used to trigger immunity?
| a. | Tetanus |
| b. | Influenza |
| c. | Hepatitis B |
| d. | Human papilloma virus |
ANS: B
The vaccines for tetanus, hepatitis B, and human papilloma virus are all toxoids. Only the vaccine for influenza has been inactivated and is considered a “killed” vaccine.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 177
- Which statement regarding artificially acquired active immunity is true?
| a. | It requires “boosting” on a regular schedule. |
| b. | It is present in only children and not in adults. |
| c. | It can be used for vaccinations but not for immunizations. |
| d. | It has the shortest duration of effectiveness of any type of immunity. |
ANS: A
Artificially acquired active immunity is long-lasting but requires boosting on a specific schedule to remain effective. This type of immunity can develop in adults as well as in children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 177
- What is definition of a toxoid that can be used for vaccination?
| a. | A vaccine containing antibodies that were produced by other animals in response to the administration of human white blood cells. |
| b. | A vaccine that contains a modified toxin that an organism produces or a small part of the actual organism. |
| c. | A vaccine designed to be toxic to or inhibit the excessive functioning of the immune system. |
| d. | A vaccine that contains artificially created antibodies that will generate passive immunity. |
ANS: B
A toxoid is a vaccine, not an antibody, that contains either a modified toxin an organism produces or a small part of the actual organism. It does not contain any type of antibodies and does not inhibit immune functioning.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 178
- Which vaccination is routinely administered to infants at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months?
| a. | HyperTET |
| b. | RhoGAM |
| c. | TdaP |
| d. | DTaP |
ANS: D
HyperTET is only given to a person who is heavily exposed to the tetanus organism and does not have adequate immunity to the organism. RhoGAM is only given to an Rh-negative woman who has given birth to an Rh-positive newborn. TdaP is a modified vaccination of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis given to older children and adults who have already received the DTaP series. DTaP is the vaccination given in infancy and early childhood to develop immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 178
- Which exposure situation can lead to the development of “naturally acquired” immunity?
| a. | Receiving seasonal influenza vaccination every year |
| b. | Taking a dose of oral polio vaccine |
| c. | Breastfeeding an infant |
| d. | Catching a cold |
ANS: D
Taking any type of vaccine allows development of artificial immunity rather than natural immunity. Breastfeeding an infant allows development of passive rather than active immunity. Catching a cold is a natural process that allows the person to develop naturally acquired active immunity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 177
- Which antirejection drug belongs to the antiproliferative class?
| a. | Basiliximab (Simulect) |
| b. | Cyclosporine (Neoral) |
| c. | Mycophenylate (CellCept) |
| d. | Tacrolimus (Prograf) |
ANS: C
Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are from the calcineurin inhibitor class of immunosuppressant agents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 185
- The activity of which specific immune system cell must be suppressed to reduce transplant rejection episodes?
| a. | Neutrophils |
| b. | Macrophages |
| c. | T lymphocytes |
| d. | B lymphocytes |
ANS: C
A specific type of T lymphocyte is most responsible for the immune system’s rejection of transplanted tissues and organs. It is the cell type whose activity must be suppressed to allow continued functioning of any transplanted organ.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 185
- Which antirejection drug works by inhibiting the mTOR pathway?
| a. | Azathioprine (Imuran) |
| b. | Everolimus (Zortress) |
| c. | Tacrolimus (Prograf) |
| d. | Daclizumab (Zenapax) |
ANS: B
Everlolimus is a drug from the antiproliferative class that interferes with T lymphocytes being able to complete the cell cycle for cell division by blocking the mTOR signal transduction pathways.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 185
- Which drug is administered as an oral agent?
| a. | Antithymocyte globulin (Atgam) |
| b. | Basiliximab (Simulect) |
| c. | Sirolimus (Rapamune) |
| d. | Daclizumab (Zenapax) |
ANS: C
Antithymocyte globulin, basiliximab, and daclizumab are antibodies that are all administered intravenously. Only sirolimus is an oral drug.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 188
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