The Psychologist As Detective An Introduction To Conducting Research In Psychology 6th Edition By Randolph – Test Bank

Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1
A well-designed research study with only one independent variable is ________ preferable to a poorly designed study with multiple independent variables.
a) vastly
b) somewhat
Consider This: The principle of parsimony encourages explaining phenomena simply until simple explanations are no longer valid. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
c) equally
Consider This: The principle of parsimony encourages explaining phenomena simply until simple explanations are no longer valid. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
d) not
Consider This: The principle of parsimony encourages explaining phenomena simply until simple explanations are no longer valid. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
ANS: a
Topic=Experimental Design: Adding to the Basic Building Block, Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 2
________ are differing types of an independent variable used in an experiment.
a) Levels
b) Power statistics
Consider This: These varying amounts are also known as treatment conditions. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
c) Confounds
Consider This: These varying amounts are also known as treatment conditions. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
d) Correlation coefficients
Consider This: These varying amounts are also known as treatment conditions. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
ANS: a
Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design, Topic=Experimental Design: Adding to the Basic Building Block, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3
In general, it is ________ for researchers to use more than five levels of the independent variable in a multiple-group design.
a) rare
b) common
Consider This: Increasing the number of levels would also involve increasing the sample size of participants. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
c) practical
Consider This: Increasing the number of levels would also involve increasing the sample size of participants. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
d) advantageous
Consider This: Increasing the number of levels would also involve increasing the sample size of participants. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
ANS: a
Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design, Topic=Experimental Design: Adding to the Basic Building Block, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 4
An experimental method in which each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group is called
a) random assignment.
b) random selection.
Consider This: This method is used in independent-samples design. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
c) correlated-groups.
Consider This: This method is used in independent-samples design. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
d) correlation coefficient.
Consider This: This method is used in independent-samples design. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
ANS: a
Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design, Topic=Experimental Design: Adding to the Basic Building Block, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 5
An example of a control procedure in a multiple-group design for independent samples would include
a) random assignment.
b) correlated samples.
Consider This: Control procedures are steps taken to ensure potential confounding variables are spread across levels of the independent variable. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
c) small sample sizes.
Consider This: Control procedures are steps taken to ensure potential confounding variables are spread across levels of the independent variable. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
d) extraneous variables.
Consider This: Control procedures are steps taken to ensure potential confounding variables are spread across levels of the independent variable. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
ANS: a
Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design, Topic=Experimental Design: Adding to the Basic Building Block, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 6
A multiple-group design incorporates ________ in correlated samples.
a) matched sets
b) matched pairs
Consider This: Multiple groups have more than two levels of the independent variable. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
c) one independent variable level
Consider This: Multiple groups have more than two levels of the independent variable. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
d) two independent variable levels
Consider This: Multiple groups have more than two levels of the independent variable. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
ANS: a
Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design, Topic=Experimental Design: Adding to the Basic Building Block, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7
The general formula for a statistical test is statistic equals
a) between-groups variability over error variability.
b) error variability over between-groups variability.
Consider This: Reduced error variability in the denominator increases the statistical value and thus increases the ease of rejecting the null hypothesis. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
c) error variability over standard deviation.
Consider This: Reduced error variability in the denominator increases the statistical value and thus increases the ease of rejecting the null hypothesis. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
d) between-groups variability over standard deviation.
Consider This: Reduced error variability in the denominator increases the statistical value and thus increases the ease of rejecting the null hypothesis. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
ANS: a
Difficulty=Easy, Objective=LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design, Topic=Experimental Design: Adding to the Basic Building Block, Skill=Understand the Concepts

M/C Question 8
An experimental effect caused by participants’ expectations is a(n)
a) placebo effect.
b) statistically significant effect.
Consider This: Expectation or suggestion, not the manipulation of the independent variable, can exert an effect in an experiment. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
c) confounding variable.
Consider This: Expectation or suggestion, not the manipulation of the independent variable, can exert an effect in an experiment. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
d) independent variable.
Consider This: Expectation or suggestion, not the manipulation of the independent variable, can exert an effect in an experiment. LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design
ANS: a
Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.1: Examine how experimental design works by building on the basic building block design, Topic=Experimental Design: Adding to the Basic Building Block, Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 9
A statistical test used to analyze multiple-group mean differences is a
a) one-way ANOVA.
b) correlation coefficient.
Consider This: An analysis of variance tests reveals differences between means when the independent variable has three or more levels. LO 11.2: Use statistical tools to understand statistical data in psychological experiments
c) standard deviation.
Consider This: An analysis of variance tests reveals differences between means when the independent variable has three or more levels. LO 11.2: Use statistical tools to understand statistical data in psychological experiments
d) t test.
Consider This: An analysis of variance tests reveals differences between means when the independent variable has three or more levels. LO 11.2: Use statistical tools to understand statistical data in psychological experiments
ANS: a
Objective=LO 11.2: Use statistical tools to understand statistical data in psychological experiments, Topic=Statistical Analysis: What Do Your Data Show?, Difficulty=Easy, Skill=Understand the Concepts

M/C Question 10
The ___________ is the amount of variability in the dependent variable attributable to each source.
a) sum of squares
b) standard deviation
Consider This: To determine the source of different types of variation, the squared deviations around each mean are summed. LO 11.3: Interpret statistical data to come to logical conclusions in psychological experiments
c) mean square
Consider This: To determine the source of different types of variation, the squared deviations around each mean are summed. LO 11.3: Interpret statistical data to come to logical conclusions in psychological experiments
d) correlation coefficient
Consider This: To determine the source of different types of variation, the squared deviations around each mean are summed. LO 11.3: Interpret statistical data to come to logical conclusions in psychological experiments
ANS: a
Skill=Understand the Concepts, Objective=LO 11.3: Interpret statistical data to come to logical conclusions in psychological experiments, Topic=Interpretation: Making Sense of Your Statistics, Difficulty=Easy