Chapter 11 DNA Technology
1) An organism that receives recombinant DNA
A) has a genetic disease.
B) is a transgenic organism.
C) will develop cancer.
D) is sterile.
E) is a new species.
Answer: B
Explanation: Transgenic organisms receive DNA from other organisms via several natural and man-made processes. Please see sections 11.1 and 11.2 for more information.
Section: 11.01; 11.02
Topic: DNA Technology; Genetically Modified Organisms
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 List examples of applications of DNA technology.; 11.02.01 Outline the steps required to make a transgenic organism.
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2) In creating a transgenic organism, the ________ from one species is inserted into another species.
A) RNA
B) DNA
C) protein
D) DNA or protein
E) plasmid
Answer: B
Explanation: DNA is the stuff of genes, so it is inserted to give organisms new traits via genetic modification. Please see section 11.2 for more information.
Section: 11.02
Topic: DNA Technology; Genetically Modified Organisms
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Outline the steps required to make a transgenic organism.
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3) A transgenic organism is an organism that receives all of its genes from only a single parent.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Transgenic organisms are ones which have received DNA from other organisms. Please see section 11.2 for more information.
Section: 11.02
Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Outline the steps required to make a transgenic organism.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4) Gene therapy might someday be used to treat many genetic disorders by removing faulty genes from somatic cells and replacing them with functional gene copies.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Gene therapy seeks to replace or supplement defective gene copies with functional ones. Please see section 11.4 for more information.
Section: 11.04
Topic: DNA Technology; Gene Therapy
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.04.02 Compare and contrast preimplantation genetic diagnosis, genetic testing, and gene therapy.; 11.00.01 Explain how DNA technology has changed science and medicine.
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5) In cloning the sheep Dolly, a nucleus was implanted into an egg that had its nucleus removed. The result of this somatic cell nuclear transfer was a(n) ________ egg.
A) haploid
B) recombinant
C) unfertilized
D) diploid
E) tetraploid
Answer: D
Explanation: A diploid nucleus is needed for animal cloning since the mature animal needs to have two copies of each chromosome. Please see section 11.3 for for more information.
Section: 11.03
Topic: Cloning
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.03.02 Explain how cloning is different from sexual reproduction.
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6) The Taq ________ enzyme is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because it remains stable at high temperatures.
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
D) primase
E) cytoskeleton
Answer: A
Explanation: Taq is a heat tolerant DNA polymerase from a prokaryote which lives in hot springs. Please see section 11.2 for more information.
Section: 11.02
Topic: DNA Technology
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Describe DNA sequencing, the polymerase chain reaction, and DNA profiling techniques.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
7) Which of the following is not an application of DNA technology?
A) selection of desired traits in breeding
B) detection of genetic illnesses
C) replacement of faulty copies of genes
D) production of genetically modified crops with greater nutritional value
E) determination of identity of criminals through DNA profiling
Answer: A
Explanation: Conventional breeding does not involve DNA technology. Please see section 11.1 for more information.
Section: 11.01
Topic: DNA Technology
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 List examples of applications of DNA technology.; 11.00.01 Explain how DNA technology has changed science and medicine.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
8) Genetically modified bacteria are responsible for producing
A) the amino acid phenylalanine used in the artificial sweetener aspartame.
B) human insulin to treat diabetes.
C) blood clotting factors to treat hemophilia.
D) fertility hormones for humans.
E) All answers are correct.
Answer: E
Explanation: Many proteins and other organic chemicals have been produced using transgenic organisms. Please see section 11.2 for more information.
Section: 11.02
Topic: Genetically Modified Organisms
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Outline the steps required to make a transgenic organism.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
9) The results of DNA sequencing are used
A) to predict protein sequences.
B) to compare DNA sequences between humans.
C) to compare DNA sequences between different species.
D) to compare DNA sequences between related extinct and extant organisms.
E) All answers are correct.
Answer: E
Explanation: Researchers can use DNA sequences to study relationships among organisms and to predict protein sequences. Please see section 11.2 for more information.
Section: 11.02
Topic: DNA Technology
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Describe DNA sequencing, the polymerase chain reaction, and DNA profiling techniques.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
10) Since its invention in the 1980s, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very common tool, because PCR
A) rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of bacterial cells.
B) rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of animal cells.
C) rapidly replicates DNA sequences without the use of living organisms.
D) eliminates the need for recombinant DNA.
E) reduces the size of plasmids and speeds their insertion.
Answer: C
Explanation: PCR allows for cheap, rapid production of many copies of pieces of DNA in a cell-free system. Please see section 11.2 for more information.
Section: 11.02
Topic: DNA Technology
Bloom’s: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Describe DNA sequencing, the polymerase chain reaction, and DNA profiling techniques.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
11) How does DNA profiling detect genetic differences between individuals? It uses
A) short tandem repeats and other variable parts of the genome.
B) shared genetic sequences.
C) entire genomes.
D) detection of non-AGCT bases.
E) only coding regions of the genome.
Answer: A
Explanation: DNA profiling takes advantage of regions of chromosomes which most easily distinguish different people. Please see section 11.2 for more information.
Section: 11.02
Topic: DNA Technology
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Describe DNA sequencing, the polymerase chain reaction, and DNA profiling techniques.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
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