Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece)
Chapter 20 DNA Tools and Biotechnology
1) Bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases) by _____.
- A) adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines
- B) using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle
- C) adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA
- D) forming “sticky ends” of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme (endonuclease) from attaching
Answer: A
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 20.1
2) What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?
- Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule.
- Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes (endonucleases).
III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells.
- Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments.
- Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA.
- A) II, III, V, IV, I
- B) III, II, IV, V, I
- C) III, IV, V, I, II
- D) IV, V, I, II, III
Answer: B
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 20.1
3) A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a plasmid and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria is that _____.
- A) prokaryotes use a different genetic code from that of eukaryotes
- B) bacteria translate only mRNAs that have multiple messages
- C) bacteria cannot remove eukaryotic introns
- D) bacterial RNA polymerase cannot make RNA complementary to mammalian DNA
Answer: C
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 20.1
4) Yeast cells are frequently used as hosts for cloning because they _____.
- A) easily form colonies
- B) can remove exons from mRNA
- C) do not have plasmids
- D) are eukaryotic cells
Answer: D
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 20.1
5) Sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, is most important because _____.
- A) it allows researchers to use the sequence to build a “better” nematode, which is resistant to disease
- B) it allows research on a group of organisms we do not usually care much about
- C) a sequence that is found to have a particular function in the nematode is likely to have a closely related function in vertebrates
- D) a sequence that is found to have no introns in the nematode genome is likely to have acquired the introns from higher organisms
Answer: C
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 20.1
6) To introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell, such as that of a mouse, you would most likely be successful with which of the following methods?
- A) electroporation followed by recombination
- B) introducing a plasmid into the cell
- C) infecting the mouse cell with a Ti plasmid
- D) transcription and translation
Answer: A
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 20.1
7) Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?
- A) Before amplification, DNA fragments are likely to bind to RNA and no longer be able to be analyzed.
- B) A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell’s DNA.
- C) Restriction enzymes (endonucleases) cut DNA into fragments that are too small.
- D) A clone requires multiple copies of each gene per clone.
Answer: B
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 20.1
8) Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is also found in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?
- A) Pax-6 genes are identical in nucleotide sequence.
- B) PAX-6 proteins have identical amino acid sequences.
- C) Pax-6 is highly conserved and shows shared evolutionary ancestry.
- D) PAX-6 proteins are different for formation of different kinds of eyes.
Answer: C
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis/Evaluation
Section: 20.1
9) The reason for using Taq polymerase for PCR is that _____.
- A) it is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR
- B) only minute amounts are needed for each cycle of PCR
- C) it binds more readily than other polymerases to the primers
- D) it has regions that are complementary to the primers
Answer: A
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Section: 20.1
Use the figure below to answer the following question.
10) Which enzyme was used to produce the molecule in the figure above?
- A) ligase
- B) a restriction enzyme (endonuclease)
- C) RNA polymerase
- D) DNA polymerase
Answer: B
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
Section: 20.1
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