Test Bank for Chapter 11: Building Better Babies: Child Care and Early Intervention

11-1. _____ are job-protected leaves that are open to mothers or fathers and are typically available as a supplement to maternity and paternity leaves.

Maternity leaves
Paternity leaves
Parental leaves
Caregiving leaves

Ans: A Topic: Childcare Type: K

11-2. All of the following statements about pregnancy, parenthood, and employment in the United States are correct except

before 1978, it was legal to fire women who were pregnant
the most uniform employment-related leave policy is the Family and Medical Leave Act
nearly 60 percent of all women with children younger than age three participate in the paid labor force
paid leave has recently been expanded to cover both mothers and fathers for a period of up to one year

Ans: D Topic: Childcare Type: K

11-3. Which group has experienced the greatest increase in labor force participation since the 1970s?

women without children
adolescent mothers
mothers of infants
fathers of infants

Ans: C Topic: Childcare Type: K

11-4. All of the following are considered reliable indicators of childcare quality except

the caregiver-to-child ratio
the education of the caregivers
stimulating and nurturing interactions between children and caregivers
cost

Ans: D Topic: Childcare Type: K

11-5. The greatest proportion of nonparental care for children younger than age two is provided by

fathers
grandparents
nonrelatives
neighbors

Ans: B Topic: Childcare Type: K

11-6. Children under the age of three who have disabilities

usually cannot be included in childcare centers and private preschools
are protected by the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part C
often enter childcare at an earlier age than children without disabilities
are not covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act because they are not enrolled in public school

Ans: B Topic: Childcare Type: K

11-7. The NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development has found all of the following except

childcare jeopardizes the infant-parent attachment relationship only when the care is not optimal and the mother is not sensitive in her interactions with her infant
infants in high-quality childcare tend to have fewer behavior problems at two and three years of age than infants in poor quality childcare
infants and toddlers in high-quality childcare tend to have more advanced language development than infants and toddlers in poor quality childcare
even when childcare is high quality, it has few positive effects on the cognitive development of low-income infants and toddlers

Ans: D Topic: Childcare Type: C

11-8. Studies of childcare quality have found all of the following except

the majority of infant and toddler childcare is of high quality
the majority of caregivers in childcare homes have low levels of formal education and experience in childcare
quality is influenced by process variables as well as structural variables
parents looking for high-quality childcare can use NAEYC accreditation as a guide during their search

Ans: A Topic: Childcare Type: C

11-9. According to widely used criteria for childcare quality, which of the following caregiver-to-child ratios would be best for infants under 12 months?

1:4
1:6
1:8
1:10

Ans: A Topic: Childcare Type: C

11-10. All of the following descriptions of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development are accurate except

the majority of infants in the sample entered nonparental childcare before the age of 4 months
mothers with the highest incomes returned to work later than other mothers in the sample
children older than age two years were more likely to be cared for in childcare centers than were children younger than two
researchers gathered information about children’s social, emotional, cognitive, and language development, as well as behavior problems and physical health and development

Ans: B Topic: Childcare Type: C

11-11. All of the following statements about parents’ choice of childcare arrangements for infants and toddlers are accurate except

mothers who work evening or nighttime shifts are more likely than mothers who work daytime hours to use care by family members
mothers with higher incomes are more likely than other mothers to be successful in achieving a match between their preferred and actual childcare arrangements
the cost of nonparental care for infants tends to be lower than the cost nonparental care for children over the age of two
low-income families tend to spend a higher percentage of their income on childcare expenses than higher income families spend

Ans: C Topic: Childcare Type: C

11-12. Miranda, a California mother of newborn twins, recently learned that her state is unique in a way that is of particular interest to her family as they adjust to caring for two tiny babies. The information that Miranda was glad to learn about was most likely

a 1978 law that makes it illegal for her employer to discriminate against her or fire her for giving birth
her state legislature’s decision not to ratify the 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act
a 2004 law that allows all workers in the state to take a partially paid family leave for up to 6 weeks
news that the parental leave policy in her state is comparable to paid leave policies available to new parents in most Scandinavian countries

Ans: C Topic: Childcare Type: A

11-13. Heather, who has just become a mother for the first time, has a high paying job. Based on the findings of studies of mothers and employment, she probably