Psychopharmacology 1st Edition By R. H. Ettinger – Test Bank

Chapter 1   Organization and Function of the Nervous System

1.1 Multiple Choice

1. The average human brain contains nearly ________ neurons.
2. 10 billion
3. 100 billion
4. 200 billion
5. 1 trillion

Answer: C

Diff: 1              Page Ref: 1

2. The three major classes of neurons are
3. motor, sensory, and interneurons.
4. efferent, afferent, and glia.
5. motor, efferent, and afferent.
6. glia, interneurons, and motor.

Answer: A

Diff: 1              Page Ref: 1

3. The nucleus of a neuron resides within the
4. terminal button.
5. axon.
6. cell body.
7. dendrites.

Answer: C

Diff: 1              Page Ref: 2

4. The axon hillock is located
5. at a cell’s terminal button.
6. at gaps in a cell’s myelin.
7. where the axon leaves the cell body.
8. where dendrites connect to the cell body.

Answer: C

Diff: 1              Page Ref: 3

5. Myelin serves to
6. increase the speed of conduction along the axon.
7. insulate a cell’s axon from the electrical activity of adjacent axons.
8. synthesize and store neurotransmitter substances.
9. Both a and b are correct

Answer: D

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6. Neurotransmitters are stored and released from a cell’s
7. terminal button.
8. node of Ranvier.
9. cell body.
10. axon hillock.

Answer: A

Diff: 1              Page Ref: 3

7. The pressures acting on charged ions include ________ and ________ pressures.
8. hydrostatic; electrostatic
9. diffusion; hydrostatic
10. diffusion; electrostatic
11. diffusion; glucostatic

Answer: C

Diff: 2              Page Ref: 5

8. A neuron’s resting membrane potential is caused by
9. sodium ions.
10. a disequilibrium of positive and negatively charged ions inside and outside the axon.
11. a high concentration of sodium inside the cell.
12. potassium ions.

Answer: B

Diff: 1              Page Ref: 5

9. The resting membrane potential has a charge of about ________ millivolts.
10. 0
11. +100
12. –70
13. –55

Answer: C

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10. The resting membrane potential is maintained because
11. potassium ions cannot cross through the cell membrane to the outside.
12. sodium ions cannot cross to the inside of the cell membrane.
13. there is no pressure acting on sodium ions.
14. there is no pressure acting on potassium ions.

Answer: B

Diff: 2              Page Ref: 7

11. Potassium is said to be at equilibrium during a resting potential because
12. electrostatic pressure forcing it in equals the diffusion pressure forcing it out.
13. diffusion pressure forcing it in equals the electrostatic pressure forcing it out.
14. hydrostatic pressure forcing it in equals the electrostatic pressure forcing it out.
15. it is equally concentrated inside and outside the cell.

Answer: A

Diff: 2              Page Ref: 7

12. Changes in the voltage of a cell that vary depending on the strength of stimulation are referred to as
13. action potentials.
14. depolarization.
15. hyperpolarization.
16. graded potentials.

Answer: D

Diff: 2              Page Ref: 7