Research Methods Process Inquiry 8th Edition By Graziano Raulin – Test Bank

Graziano and Raulin Research Methods Test Bank

Chapter 11 Correlated-Groups and Single-Subject Designs

11.1 Within-Subjects Designs

1) Correlated-groups designs

1. A) use random assignment of participants.
2. B) provide equivalent groups at the start of the study.
3. C) use only one level of the independent variable.
4. D) are less sensitive than between participant experimental design.

Answer: B

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248

Skill: Interpretive

2) Why do the authors of this text consider correlated-groups designs to be experiments?

1. A) They maximize error variance.
2. B) They always use score data.
3. C) They randomly assign all participants to conditions.
4. D) They meet the requirement of equivalence of groups.

Answer: D

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248 (SG)

Skill: Interpretive

3) Which of the following is NOT used in correlated-groups designs?

1. A) matching of participants
2. B) random assignment to conditions
3. C) within-subjects procedures
4. D) careful measurement of the dependent variable

Answer: B

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248 (SG)

Skill: Interpretive

4) Random assignment of participants to conditions gives us confidence that

1. A) the researcher will remain blind to the condition under which each participant is tested.
2. B) the groups to be compared are equivalent at the start of the study.
3. C) the participants will remain blind to condition throughout the experiment.
4. D) any placebo effect will be nullified.

Answer: B

Type: MC

Page Ref: 247

Skill: Interpretive

5) Within-subjects designs allow a researcher to test causal hypotheses with confidence and without

1. A) mistakes.
2. B) statistical analyses.
3. C) randomization.
4. D) any form of bias.

Answer: C

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248

Skill: Interpretive

6) Correlated-groups designs are considered in this textbook to be a category of

1. A) experimental design.
2. B) nonexperimental design.
3. C) low-constraint research.
4. D) naturalistic research.

Answer: A

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248

Skill: Interpretive

7) In within-subjects designs, all participants are exposed to

1. A) some of the experimental conditions.
2. B) some of the dependent measures.
3. C) all of the control measures.
4. D) all of the experimental conditions.

Answer: D

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248

Skill: Interpretive

8) In within-subjects designs,

1. A) each participant serves as his or her own control.
2. B) the control group is matched with the experimental group.
3. C) each participant is exposed to one level of the independent variable.
4. D) each participant is randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group.

Answer: A

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248

Skill: Interpretive

9) What are the two types of designs used to introduce the correlation in correlated-groups designs?

1. A) Within-subjects designs and matched-subjects designs.
2. B) Between-subjects designs and matched-subjects designs.
3. C) Randomized-subjects designs and matched-subjects designs.
4. D) Between-subjects designs and within-subjects designs.

Answer: A

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248 (SG)

Skill: Factual

10) What is the major strength of the within-subjects design?

1. A) More participants can be used in a single study.
2. B) Interactive effects can be identified.
3. C) Carry-over effects are eliminated.
4. D) It guarantees that the participants in the various conditions are equivalent at the start of the study.

Answer: D

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248 (SG)

Skill: Interpretive

11) In which design are all participants exposed to all experimental conditions?

1. A) randomized, posttest-only
2. B) randomized, pretest-posttest
3. C) within-subjects
4. D) between-subjects

Answer: C

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248 (SG)

Skill: Interpretive

12) A within-subjects design helps to ensure equivalence of groups at the start of the experiment because

1. A) it employs a form of randomization.
2. B) the participants in one group are the same participants as in the other group.
3. C) of the extensive pretesting to rule out differences between individuals.
4. D) of the stringent criteria of participant selection.

Answer: B

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248 (PQ)

Skill: Interpretive

13) In order to test the effects of noise levels on typing speed, a researcher uses six expert typists and asks each to type a page at two different noise levels (low and high). The dependent variable, typing speed, is measured under both conditions for all typists. What kind of design is the researcher employing?

1. A) a between-subjects design
2. B) a between-groups design
3. C) a within-subjects design
4. D) a single-variable, independent-groups design

Answer: C

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248

Skill: Applied

14) A within-subjects design is also referred to as a(n)

1. A) between-subjects design.
2. B) independent-groups design.
3. C) nonparametric design.
4. D) repeated-measures design.

Answer: D

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248 (PQ)

Skill: Factual

15) The key idea in correlated-groups designs is that in seeking to insure equivalence of groups,

1. A) some correlation among participants in different groups is introduced.
2. B) there is no correlation introduced in the assigning of participants to groups.
3. C) a small participant size must be used to prevent error.
4. D) coefficients of correlation must be group specific.

Answer: A

Type: MC

Page Ref: 248

Skill: Interpretive