Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Hockenberry Rodgers Wilson Test Bank
PEDIATRIC NURSING
Chapter 1. Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
TEST BANK
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The clinic nurse is reviewing statistics on infant mortality for the United States versus other countries. Compared with other countries that have a population of at least 25 million, the nurse makes which determination?
2 The United States is ranked last among 27 countries.
b The United States is ranked similar to 20 other developed countries.
C. The United States is ranked in the middle of 20 other developed countries.
The United States is ranked highest among 27 other industrialized countries.
ANS: A
Although the death rate has decreased, the United States still ranks last in infint mortality among nations with a population of at least 25 million. The United States has the highest infant death rate of developed nations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
REF: dl. 6
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States?
1. Congenital anomalies
১. Sudden infant death syndrome
C. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
4 Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period
ANS: A
Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year compared with sudden infant death syndrome, which accounts for 8.2%; disorders related to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight, which account for 16.5%, and matemal complications such as infections specific to the perinatal period, which account for 6.1% of deaths in infints younger than 1 year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: dl. 7 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?
Heart disease
Childhood cancer
Unintentional injuries
4 Congenital anomalies
ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence. The leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease cause a significantly lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: dl. 7 TOP. Nuning Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years?
Suicide and cancer
b
Suicide and homicide
८. Deowning and cancer
d
Homicide and heart disease
ANS: B
Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and cancer account for 10.9% of deaths, heart disease and cancer account for approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for 10.9% of the deaths in this age group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: d. 7
TOP: Narsing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. The nurse is planning a teaching session to adolescents about deaths by unintentional injuries. Which should the marse include in the session with regard to deaths caused by injuries?
2 More deaths occur in males.
b
More deaths occur in females.
C. The pattern of deaths does not vary according to age and sex.
d The pattern of deaths does not vary widely among different ethnic groups.
ANS: A
The majority of deaths from unintentional injuries occur in males. The pamem of death does vary greatly among different ethnic groups, and the causes of intentional deaths vary with age and
gender. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: pp. 7-8
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching Leaming
MSC: Cheat Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6.
What do mortality statistics describe?
Disease occurring regulely within a geographic location
The number of individuals who have died over a specific period
The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time
b
d Disease occurring in more than the number of expected cases in a commity
ANS: B
Mortality statistics refer to the umber of individuals who have died over a specific period Morbidity statistics show the prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time. Data regarding disease within a geographic region, or in greater than expected numbers in a
conamnity, may be extrapolated from analyzing the morbidity statistics. DIF: Cognitive Level:
Remembering REF: 1. 3 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in which age group is the third leading cause of death?
2 Preschoolers
b Young school age
८. Middle school age
4 Late school age and adolescents
ANS: D
Suicide is the third leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19 years, therefore, the age group should be late school age and adolescents. Suicide is not one of the leading causes of death for preschool and young or middle school-aged children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: dl. 6
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 8. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, What is meant by flemily-centered care? The marse should respond with which statement?
Family-centered care seduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family
b Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system
Family-centered care recognizes that the fully is the constant in a childs life.
4 Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making process.
ANS: C
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and support. Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the child’s life. The family should be enabled and empowered to work with the health care system and is expected to be part of the decision-making process. The nurse should also support the familys cultural diversity, not reduce
its effect DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: dl. $
TOP: Narsing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 9. The marse is describing clinical reasoning to a group of marsing students. Which is most descriptive of clinical reasoning?
3 Purposeful and goal directed
A simple developmental process
d
Based on deliberate and irrational thought
Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate ANS: A
Clinical reasoning is a complex developmental process based on rational and deliberate thought. When thinking is clear, precise, accurate, relevant, consistent, and fair, a logical connection develops between the elements of thought and the problem at hand
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: dl. 12
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching Leaming
MSC: Chent Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
10. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?
2 Using information in textbooks to guide care
b Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
Gathering all evidence that applies to the childs health and family situation
ANS: B
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes, the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and questioning what is the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on data, not all evidence on a particular situation, and involves the latest available data. Nurses can use textbooks to determine areas of concern and potential involvement
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: d. 11 TOP: Narsing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
11. Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?
Description of potential risk factors
b Identification of actual health problems
c. Human response to state of illness or heath
Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment
ANS: D
Signs and symptoms are the cues and clusters of defining characteristics that are derived from a patient assessment and indicate actual health problems. The first part of the nursing diagnosis is the problem statement, also known as the human response to the state of illness or health. The identification of actual health problems may be part of the medical diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is based on the man response to these problems. The human response is therefore a component of the mursing diagnostic statement. Potential risk factors are used to identify sursing care needs to avoid the development of an actual health problem when a potential one exists.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: d. 13
TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
MSC: Client Needs Safe and Effective Care Environm
12. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?
1 Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children
b Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.
Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated
Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in d. adolescents.
ANS: A
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the nurse should include information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent obesity is important to include. Imanization rates differ depending on the childs race and ethnicity, dental caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood, and mental health problems are
seen in children as young as school age, not just in adolescents. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: d1 3
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
13. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the marse plan to ensure atraumatic case?
2. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged
b Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications.
Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for d. it to be effective
ANS: C
The ovending goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child a choice of juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with a sense of control. The preschool child should be prepared before procedures, so limiting explanations of procedures would increase anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child during procedures, minimizing stress. Lidocaine prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The marse should plan to use the prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: pp. MSC: Chet Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8-9 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
14. Which situation denotes a noutherapeutic marsepatientfamily relationship?
2 The nurse is planning to read a favorite flirytale to a patient.
b During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child
с. The nurse is discussing with a fellow surse the emotional draw to a certain patient
The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the familys dependence on health d care providers.
ANS: B
Criticizing parents for not visiting in shift report is notherapeutic and shows an underinvolvement with the parents. Reading a fairy tale is a therapeutic and age appropriate action. Discussing feelings of an emotional draw with a fellow nurse is therapeutic and shows a willingness to understand feelings. Working with parents to decrease dependence on health care providers is therapeutic and helps to empower the family.
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