Young Offenders And Youth Justice A Century After The Fact, 4th Edition By Sandra – Test Bank

Chapter 11:  Perpetuating Social Injustice

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Websites for Additional Information

http://www.turtleisland.org/news/absenuayrpt.pdf – a paper on reform for Aboriginal youth urban programming.

1. Which of the following was identified as a problem in the early 1990s by a Manitoba Aboriginal Justice inquiry and is still an ongoing issue today?
2. overuse of custody for Aboriginal youth
3. discriminatory treatment of Aboriginal youth by correctional staff
4. detention of Aboriginal youth separately from adults in remote locations
5. high rates of alcohol and substance abuse among incarcerated Aboriginal youth

ANS: A           PTS: 1             REF: 338–339             BLM: Remember

2. Which of the following juvenile justice legislation(s) acknowledged that Aboriginal youth, girls, and minority youths differ from Euro-Canadian boys?
3. JDA
4. YOA
5. YCJA
6. YOA and YCJA

ANS: C           PTS: 1             REF: 338         BLM: Remember

3. According to the text, which of the following has put pressure on the Canadian government to continue addressing life opportunity gaps between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children?
4. Justice critic, Vic Toews
5. Toronto Native Canadian Centre
6. Manitoba Aboriginal Justice Committee
7. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child

ANS: D           PTS: 1             REF: 339–340             BLM: Remember

4. According to Nuffield (2003), which of the following has been cited as a reason for the overuse of incarceration among Aboriginal youth?
5. miscarriages of justice
6. increase in violent offences committed by Aboriginal youth
7. no alternative sanctions available
8. lack of facilities and programming in Aboriginal communities

ANS: D           PTS: 1             REF: 341–342             BLM: Remember

5. In section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code, introduced in 1996, judges are directed to consider alternatives to prison for Aboriginal offenders. To whom does this apply?
6. adults only
7. youth only
8. youth under 16
9. youths and adults

ANS: A           PTS: 1             REF: 339         BLM:

6. Which of the following was the outcome of the Supreme Court’s decision in R. v. Gladue?
7. It established once and for all that to treat Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders differently is to discriminate.
8. It established that to treat Aboriginal offenders fairly, it is necessary to take into account their difference from non-Aboriginal offenders.
9. It established that to take into account the unique circumstances surrounding Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders is to be unfair to non-Aboriginal people.
10. It established that Aboriginal offenders should not be treated any differently under the law than non-Aboriginal offenders.

ANS: B           PTS: 1             REF: 342         BLM: Remember

7. Which one of the following arguments was by the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Task Force on Youth Justice?
8. girls’ small numbers do not warrant specialized facilities and programming
9. gender-neutral programs are designed to meet the needs of both boys and girls
10. girls’ offences are similar to boys’ offences and they should be treated the same
11. alternative programs and services for girls are practical from a cost benefit basis

ANS: A           PTS: 1             REF: 351         BLM: Remember

8. According to research conducted in British Columbia, for which of the following offences are girls most likely to be serving time?
9. non-violent offences
10. breach offences
11. violent offences
12. drug offences

ANS: B           PTS: 1             REF: 350         BLM: Remember

9. According to the text, which group often expresses paternalistic decision-making when it comes to female offenders?
10. lawyers
11. police officers
12. youth workers
13. probation officers

ANS: D           PTS: 1             REF: 352–353             BLM: Remember

10. According to the text, which of the following is considered one of the most important programming needs for girls involved with the justice system?
11. family therapy
12. substance abuse counseling
13. anger management training
14. financial and independence training

ANS: D           PTS: 1             REF: 355         BLM: Remember