1. Animal cognition is most correctly defined as
a. the application of stimulus-response learning to explain complex chains of behavior. b. the use of voluntary or conscious reflection to direct behavior.
c. the use of an internal representation, or model, of some past experience as a basis for behavior. d. the use of overt classically or instrumentally conditioned responses to direct behavior.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 307
KEYWORDS: Fact
2. Which of the following is true of the “internal representations” discussed in the study of animal cognition?
a. Like gravity, they are a theoretical construct.
b. They are investigated in some laboratories by “looking” into the central nervous system.
c. They are investigated in some laboratories by “looking” into the peripheral nervous system.
d. They reflect conscious reflection on a past experience.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Page 307
KEYWORDS: Fact
3. Which of these relationships is not assumed to reflect animal cognition?
a. S-O b. S-R c. R-O
d. S(R-O)
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Page 307
KEYWORDS: Concept
4. Cognitive mechanisms are used to explain animal behaviors when
a. classical conditioning mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions.
b. instrumental conditioning mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions. c. discriminative stimulus mechanisms are used to describe behavior.
d. S-R mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Page 307
KEYWORDS: Fact
5. Of the following behaviors, which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?
a. consciousness b. forgetting
c. stimulus coding d. cognitive maps
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Pages 307-308
KEYWORDS: Concept
6. Learning is not possible without memory. However, studies of learning do differ from those of memory. For example, in most studies of learning, , but in studies of memory, .
a. retention intervals vary; the retrieval phase is varied
b. the retrieval phase varies; the acquisition phase is varied c. the acquisition phase varies; retention intervals are varied d. retention intervals vary; the acquisition phase is varied
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 308
KEYWORDS: Fact
7. In studies of learning, which stage of an experiment is usually varied?
a. retrieval
b. acquisition c. retention
d. stimulus coding
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Page 308
KEYWORDS: Fact
8. In studies of memory, which stage of an experiment is usually held constant?
a. retrieval b. retention
c. acquisition d. trace-delay
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 308
KEYWORDS: Fact
9. Your friend has volunteered for a psychology demonstration. She will be taught a list of words while wearing SCUBA gear at the bottom of a pool, and then she will be asked to remember the words when she returns to class. This demonstration is most likely exploring
a. retention.
b. acquisition.
c. spatial memory. d. retrieval.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Page 308
KEYWORDS: Concept
10. Steve is taught to work a difficult maze. The time it takes for him to work the maze is tested one day, three days, and ten days after training. This is likely a study of
a. retrieval. b. retention.
c. acquisition. d. extinction.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: Page 308
KEYWORDS: Concept
11. Susan, Debra, and Sally are serving as subjects in a psychology experiment. Each will be taught to ride a bicycle.
Susan will be taught by an expert instructor, Debra will be taught by a video demonstration, and Sally will be given a book on bicycles. The amount of time it takes each student to learn to ride will be recorded. This is likely a study of a. retrieval.
b. retention.
c. acquisition.
d. spatial memory.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Page 308
KEYWORDS: Concept
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