Washington and Leavers Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy 5th Edition – Test Bank

Chapter 01: Cancer: An Overview

Washington & Leaver: Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy, 5th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Knowledge of cancer dates back to which of the following?

1600 BC Egypt

1600 AD England

400 BC Greece

41900 AD Germany

ANS: A

The first known observations of cancer date back to 1600 BC Egypt.

2. Which of the following is nor a term for genes involved in the cancer process?

Anti-oncogenes

Oncogenes

c. Proto-oncogenes

4. Somato-oncogenes

ANS: D

Anti-oncogenes, oncogenes, and proto-oncogenes have all been identified as playing a part in the development of numors. Somano-oncogenes do not exist.

3. Tumor suppressor genes are also known as

boncogenes

c. geoto-cacogenes

dsomato-oncogenes

ANS: A

Although more commonly called tomor-suppressor genes, these genes are also known as anti-oncogenes.

4. Which of the following is nor phase of the mammalian cell cycle?

403

ANS: D

GO is a resting phase where cells do not enter mitosis. G1 and 2 are growth phases during the mammalian cell cycle. Although some algae species demonstrate a relatively long phase between nuclear division and cleavage of the cell termed G3, this phase is not part of the mammalian cell cycle

3. Which phase of the mammalian cell cycle is composed of functional cells not preparing for DNA replication?

ANS A

GO is typically depicted outside the cell cycle because cells in this phase are not preparing for DNA syntheus

6. In which phase of the mammalian cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

G.I

ANS: D

“5” is representative of synthesis and is the phase in which DNA synthesis occurs

7. Identify the correct order for the phases of the mammalian cell cycle.

G1.G2.M.S

GLG2.5.M

GLMG2.5

4. GI.S., G2,M

ANS: D

The typical mammalian cell will move from 1 to 5, followed by G2, and then M. Some cells will eventually pause in GO after M

8. Which of the following is true of anaplastic numors?

a. Closely resemble the cells of origin

Maintain some resemblance of the cells of origin

c. Do not resemble the cells of origin

ANS C

Anaplastic tumors are also known as undifferentiated tumors. Undifferentiated cells do not resemble the normal cells of origin

Which of the following is (are) true of benign tumors?

Well differentiated

Do not metastasize

Encapsulated

4. All of the above

ANS: D

Benign tumors typically we well differentiated, do not metastasize, and are encapsulated

10. Which of the following factors does not affect the incidence of tumor sites?

Informational

Environmental

c. Technological

d. Geographic

ANS: A

Tumor site incidence is affected by environmental factors such as sun exposure. It is alho affected by technological factors such as the advent of more precise imaging modalities. Additionally, tamor sute incidence is affected by geographic factors, as exemplified by gastrointestinal cancers in Japan

11. What is defined as the “study of the cause of disease”?

Enology

4. Epidemiology

d. Entomology

ANS: A

Etiology is defined as the “study of the cause of disease.” Erymology is the “study of word origins, epidemiology is the “study of disease incidence,” and entomology is the “stody of

12. What is the “stody of disease incidence”?

Enology

Etymology

Epidemiology

4. Entomology

ANS: C

Epidemiology is defined as the study of disease incidence. Enology is the study of the cause of disease, etymology is the “shady of wood origins,” and entomology is the “shady of

13. Which of the following make(s) for an effective screening examination?

Specific

Sensitive

Cost-effective

4. Accurate

All of the above

ANS: E

For a screen tool to be effective, it must be specific sensitive, accurate, and cost effective.

14. What is the workup”?