Chapter 11 The Living Ocean
1) Sea cucumbers must drink seawater to set up a concentration gradient and prevent dehydration.
2) Salmon spawn in seawater and Atlantic eels spawn in fresh water.
3) Microorganisms are more impacted by viscosity than gravity.
4) On average, the individual cells that make up a whale are thousands of times larger than the individual cells that make up a small marine worm.
5) Autotrophs do not respire.
6) Bioluminescence is commonly used to avoid being eaten.
7) Sunlight usually penetrates to a greater depth in coastal waters than in the open sea.
8) Both light energy and inorganic nutrient concentrations are highest in the surface waters and decrease with depth.
9) Countershaded fish usually have a dark back and a light undersurface.
10) Taxonomy is the scientific classification of the ocean’s environmental zones.
11) Oxygen concentrations are lowest in the deepest parts of the ocean.
12) Most fish species are easily able to tolerate a large range of salinities.
13) Members of the most ancient group of organisms, the prokaryotes, still exist today.
14) Plants are considered autotrophs.
15) All bacteria are heterotrophs.
16) Photosynthesis is used by all autotrophs to make food.
17) Respiration uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen and energy.
18) The most numerous organisms in the sea are the largest organisms.
19) The abyssal zone is an area of perpetual darkness showing no seasonal changes.
20) The biological pump ________.
A) helps regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations
B) depends on photosynthesis
C) feeds most life in the ocean
D) refers to organisms that filter the water for food
E) helps regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations, depends on photosynthesis, and feeds most life in the ocean
21) The swim bladder of a fish ________.
A) allows it to move rapidly between depths
B) is filled with oxygen
C) keeps the fish neutrally buoyant
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.
22) If a marine animal has body fluids that have a lower salt content than the surrounding seawater, water will pass through the animal’s body tissues from the ________ to the ________ because of ________.
A) outside; inside; electrolysis
B) inside; outside; electrolysis
C) outside; inside; osmosis
D) inside; outside; osmosis
E) None of these is correct; the salt moves, not the water.
23) Increased interest in the oceans’ biodiversity is due to ________.
A) lack of knowledge of the total numbers of ocean species
B) the variety of habitats within the oceans
C) the loss of species from the land portions of the planet
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct; there is no increasing interest.
24) To maintain their bodies’ water balance, marine fish ________.
A) excrete salt through their gills
B) drink water continually
C) produce small amounts of urine
D) excrete salt through their gills and drink water continually
E) excrete salt through their gills, drink water continually, and produce small amounts of urine
25) Countershading of fish ________.
A) makes them more visible
B) causes them to be more transparent
C) reduces their visibility from above and below
D) is a sign of sexual maturity
E) None of these is correct; fish do not exhibit countershading.
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